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In summary, differential exposure to selection on competitive and cooperative abilities, in conjunction with selective factors targeting specifically dispersal distance, likely contributed importantly to shaping T. thermophila dispersal and life history evolution.
Overall, differential exposure to selection on competitive and cooperative abilities, in conjunction with selective factors targeting specifically dispersal distance, likely contributed importantly to shaping T. thermophila dispersal and life history evolution.
Quantifying the relative influence of genes on the X chromosome is particularly useful because X-linked genes tend to diverge fast, due to the higher mutation accumulation and greater exposure to selection caused by hemizygosity [7].
Because selection is used to detect these mutants, it is particularly important to show that the detected mutants arose before exposure to selection.
In a previous study, we showed that variation in exposure to selection associated with alternative splicing significantly affects the size, composition, and variation across species of single amino acid repeats (Haerty and Golding 2010a).
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Comparing populations before and after selection (or populations differing in their exposure to pesticide selection pressure) can provide important insights on the origins of resistance and how selection modifies patterns of genetic variability [ 10, 13].
Moreover, populations may benefit from continued exposure to such selection in order to maintain overall adaptation under the influence of potential competing selection at other life stages.
In interpreting results from both studies, we note that our definition of "advanced" encompasses a potentially wide range of previous exposure to natural selection, limiting the scope of the conclusions that can be drawn.
This observation could explain the large amount of sRNAs frequently found near virulence genes, which are acquired by horizontal transfer during exposure to high selection pressure occurring, for example, in host infection.
Currently Assinica and Iron River strains are held in the same hatchery under similar conditions however significant differences are still found between the strains; differences among these strains could be a product of not only ecotypic diversity in the source populations, but also the length of time in the hatchery system and exposure to artificial selection for morphology.
Plating was not performed after every treatment in an effort to minimize the exposure to relaxed selection.
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