Increase in intracellular ROS as well as exposure to extra-cellular source of ROS (Shaikh et al, 1997; Suzuki et al, 1997) induce apoptosis in endothelial cells.
Precocious exposure to extra-uterine relative hyperoxia, as observed in premature newborns, results in suppression of VEGF expression, increased apoptosis and vasoattenuation [ 9, 10].
The exposure to extra-uterine relative hyperoxia amplified by supplemental oxygen delivery retards or blocks the normal retinal vascular growth (first phase of ROP), decreasing the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression and endothelial cell proliferation [ 6].
Moreover, higher autonomy levels are related to higher mobility and exposure to extra-familial influences, which could change the way mothers envision their daughters' futures and perceived future returns from their education (Ahmed and Bould 2004; Yount 2005).
Finally, it is not possible to ascertain in an observational study if the increased risks observed among infants born before full maturity were due to early exposure to the extra-uterine environment, or damages produced by maternal conditions that may also have produced the untimely birth, or even a combination of both situations.
One theory why JPMorgan has all the sold protection is that the bank has been using derivatives to get extra exposure to credit markets and additional income.
The second strongest factor is exposure: with an extra exposure to a news article, a user is 23% more likely to retweet the news (Gratification).
The positive coefficient of 0.93 indicates that one extra exposure to the article increases one's retweeting probability by 23% (0.93/4 = 0.23).
When the Pd/a-WO3 films are gasochromically colored by exposure to diluted hydrogen gas, extra Raman peaks due to OW5+O and W5+O bonds appear at 330 and 450 cm−1, respectively.
Using this information for prognostic purposes is attractive as it can be freely abstracted from existing imaging data and comes with no extra exposure to ionising radiation.
