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These disadvantages include exposure to discrimination.
It is higher for less advantaged people, and societal factors – such as the unequal distribution of economic resources, unequal provision of good information, and unequal exposure to discrimination – play a crucial role in producing those socially stratified suboptimal choices.
Findings revealed that children of incarcerated parents grieved their parent's absence which they reported had a profound effect on their behavior and resulted in exposure to discrimination, violence and abuse.
OBJECTIVE Recent research suggests that past exposure to discrimination may influence perceptions of, and physiological responses to, new challenges.
The authors examined how race and trait levels of hostility and optimism interact with past exposure to discrimination to predict physiological reactivity and recovery during an anger recall task.
"We've seen this again and again, that exposure to discrimination or even fear of discrimination from health care providers and health care systems can actually lead to health care avoidance," said Dr. Megan Sutter, another author on the study and an OBGYN at NYU's School of medicine.
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The barriers to opportunity for young men and boys of color are compounded by repeated exposures to discrimination.
Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed that both greater lifetime exposure to major discrimination (P < 0.05) and chronic exposure to everyday discrimination (P < 0.05) predicted higher circulating levels of E-selectin, but only in men.
This study assessed the effects of HIV/AIDS, exposure to racial discrimination and torture during apartheid, on the health of the South African population.
Dr. Michael Grandner, Director of the Sleep and Health Research Program at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson, told Reuters Health that in earlier research, exposure to racial discrimination was associated with worse sleep, even after taking stress and depression into account.
While supporters of same-sex marriage often point to the economic benefits associated with marriage, ENDA would also potentially improve the economic situation of LGBT individuals by reducing their exposure to workplace discrimination.
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