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The results show that the sensitivity and exposure to climate variability in terms of those experiencing climate variability (96.7%) and people facing more than two hazards in 5 years (72.5%) have contributed negatively to the vulnerability level of households.
Current exposure to climate variability; extreme events such as the 1998 and 2002 temperature anomalies and bleaching; and Tropical Cyclones Hamish and Yasi illustrate the potential consequences of moderate climate change impacts on the region's coastal ecosystems (see Supplementary material for references on impacts from distinct drivers on corals, fish and mangroves).
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Analyses of the associations between climatic anomalies and disease patterns highlight current vulnerability to climate variability.
The workgroup recognized that indicators are needed to measure current vulnerability to climate variability and change.
Exposure of countries to climate variability and extremes is also a rising trend.
The Rain-fed (Barani) Punjab has a high degree of exposure to climate change due to its greater variability in precipitation.
The long term changes in precipitation are measured by the standard deviation of precipitation; and the exposure to weather related disasters due to climate variability are measured by the percentage of flood prone and drought prone districts in each ecological zone.
Using a model in which exposure to climate change is expressed as both short-term and long-term changes in rainfall variability, which potentially restricts water and food availability, she illustrated the vicious cycle in which increasing vulnerability to climate change causes a decline in adaptation options, which consequently increases vulnerability even further.
Deeply confounding factors get in the way — particularly the huge growth in exposure to climate threats through population growth and settlement patterns in vulnerable places and the substantial natural variability in the frequency and intensity of rare extreme events.
Hypoxia is clearly linked to climate variability.
Kristensen, K., Schelde, K. & Olesen, J. E. Winter wheat yield response to climate variability in Denmark.
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