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Standardized methods are often used to assess the likelihood of a human-health effect from exposure to a specified hazard, and inform opinions and decisions about risk management and communication.
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The spatially smoothed term may be considered a surrogate for unmeasured environmental exposures at a specified time.
‡Proportion of first-time hospitalizations for sequelae where previous exposure to the specified enteric infection was a component cause.
The proportion of cases of disease D attributable to a specified causal exposure E in a population (the 'attributable risk') can be expressed as AR= RR 1)/RR) × Pr(E∣D), where RR is the relative risk and Pr(E∣D) is the probability that a case has this exposure.
Analyses such as this have already prompted changes in rabies PEP recommendations in Canada to specify direct exposure to a bat (15 ).
We reduced 126 food items to 44 to cover key foods and food groups associated with a higher risk of exposure to specified toxins and classes of toxic compounds selected a priori.
We created a series of binary exposure variables, each equal to 0 if the quantitative exposure was below a specified cutoff value and 1 if the exposure exceeded the cutoff.
Some of the specified activities are associated with exposure to a particular compound, for instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulate matter while barbequing or benzene and other volatile organic compounds while pumping gas.
data not available aThe activity was determined using CPB (pH 6) at 37 °C after an exposure with a specified organic solvent at 30 °C for 1 h.
Figures 4B and 5B D show the 90% CIs (i.e., 5th and 95th percentiles) for HD M I at difference levels of incidence I as a function of exposure, for a specified value of M*.
Risk-specific doses (RSDs) are estimates of the lifetime average daily exposure associated with a specified (cancer) risk level for a chemical.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com