However, after one week of exposure, significant changes were detected in a calcium-activated chloride channel, a hyperpolarization activated nucleotide-gated potassium channel, a tetraspanin, and an integrin.
With respect to the effect of the time of exposure, in the hatchability test the highest percentage of toxicity was detected at 12 h or 24 h of exposure, and significant changes in toxicity were not detected in subsequent times of exposure.
Nectar sugar composition did not respond to different growing conditions, suggesting that this is an intrinsic characteristic of this species, but pollinator exposure produced significant changes in the nectar of single nectaries, particularly in the sucrose fructose balance.
As shown in 1&2, light exposure induced significant changes in the mRNA expression of clock genes in the adrenal and pineal as previously described [10], [13], [16].
Additionally, 9 hours of exposure causes significant changes in the MSC gene expression, while the response to shorter duration (2 and 4 hours) is appreciably less pronounced.
RDX exposure induced significant changes in miRNA expression profiles.
Consistent with this murine model of asthma, we observed significant increases in airway responsiveness in OVA-treated mice, with PM exposure inducing significant changes in AHR in both naive mice and OVA-induced asthmatic mice.
C3 and C5 are also known to increase vascular permeability, a clear phenotypic parameter in PM-challenged OVA mice where PM exposure induces significant changes in vascular permeability as assessed by protein content in BAL fluids.
We now report that acute ambient PM exposure induces significant changes in AHR, accompanied by eosinophil/neutrophil infiltration and type 1 T helper (TH1)/TH2 cytokine secretion in both naive mice and OVA-induced asthmatic mice.
In males, parathion exposure evoked significant changes in 10 of these measures, of which 8 were reversed by the high-fat diet; in females, 7 of the measures were affected, and all of them were reversed by dietary manipulation, albeit that one measure then became abnormal in the opposite direction (ChAT in the frontal/parietal cortex).
