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However, durability is impinged upon by the interaction of different factors such as construction materials, construction method, quality systems in use at the construction stages, environmental exposure of the structural elements and their functions, ease of access for inspection and maintenance.
Further quantitative study is needed to confirm whether the production of smaller lignin droplets is another key contributing factor (in addition to the removal of xylan) that leads to better exposure of the structural carbohydrates that remain in the residual solid material after dilute acid/Fe2+ iron pretreatment, facilitating the subsequent enzymatic digestion.
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We expect that our end-line data will capture the exposure of the biomedical and structural interventions and help test this hypothesis.
Low integration led to a surface nanostructure with exposure of the two nano-structural elements, and high integration resulted in a similar surface to a nanorod film.
The exposure of cellulose through structural alteration of the bagasse is the crucial factor in hydrolysis of the remaining cellulosic fraction present in the cell wall.
This evaluation is however particularly difficult due to the many uncertainties associated with both the fire exposure and the characteristics of the structural elements.
Alcohol exposure can alter the structural integrity of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and activates HSCs.
The exposure of structural components is an issue that needs attention.
Computer fire modelling and design fire scenarios are traditionally used in the tunnel design process to challenge tunnel systems, e.g. smoke ventilation, evacuation routes and strategy, and the exposure of structural members.
Removal of lignin (and possibly hemicelluloses) by alkali probably enhanced the exposure of structural polysaccharides to hydrolytic enzymes and reduced non-productive binding of these enzymes to lignin [ 52- 56].
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effectiveness of viscoelastic-damped braces (VEDBs) to improve the wind and earthquake responses of fire-damaged steel framed buildings, where a significant reduction of stiffness and strength properties of the structural elements following exposure to fire is highlighted.
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