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Thus, the exposure of backbone hydrogen bonds in native folds occurs invariably through the formation of small cavities that, in turn, form exclusively around EBHBs.
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The solvent accessible subsets of residues from the lists generated as described above were determined using the software package NACCESS (Hubbard and Thornton, 1993) using 40% exposure of either backbone or sidechain atoms as the selection criterion; residues in this subset were chosen as 'active' in the HADDOCK docking protocol.
Intrachain hydrogen bonding defines backbone−backbone interactions, and the low contact order α-helix and β-hairpin structures are likely to be populated because they are particularly effective at reducing exposure of the peptide backbone to sarcosine or TMAO, thus mitigating the positive free energy of the DSE upon transfer of the peptide backbone to these poor solvents.
The trends in rate constants detected for catalysis and HDX are believed to depend on very similar phenomena, that is, the probability of achieving a subset of protein conformers among a very large number of rapidly interconverting conformers that are suited to the measured parameter (H-transfer for catalysis vs exposure of an amide backbone to solvent in the case of HDX).
There is an additional diffraction peak corresponding to Si(200) in the pattern of sample ALD, which may result from the exposure of Si nanowire backbones or thin thickness of ZnO film.
Poly etheretherketone) (PEEK) substrate surface was modified with charged cationic poly 2- methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride) (poly 2- methacryloyloxy(3-sulfopropyl methyltrimethylammoniumsalt) (PSPMK) polymer brushes through surfachlorideated radical PMTACerizandon triggered by UV light exposure of benzophenone groups in PEEK banionic as an initiator.
The increased rigidity and exposure of both hydrophobic faces on the backbone more greatly constrain the surrounding water molecules and lead to a greater degree of disorganized binding interactions working to exclude this water and can lead to polymer precipitation [ 26, 27, 31].
Upon high temperature exposure to air of an NMR sample, the number of double bonds decreases due to crosslinking via addition of backbone radicals to double bonds.
In summary we conclude that the pharmacokinetics of camptothecin are substantially changed by binding it to a polymeric backbone, showing controlled prolonged exposure of camptothecin.
Unlike the HDX assays, however, hydroxyl radical-mediated modification probes exposure of amino acid side chains rather than backbone amide hydrogens.
"A lot of backbone.
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