Next we estimated age-specific probabilities of lung cancer mortality in populations with occupational or environmental DEE exposure by multiplying each age-specific background lung cancer mortality rate by the RR from our primary exposure response meta-analysis for the cumulative occupational or environmental DEE exposure level estimated for that age group.
As noted in the exposure assessment section, PM10 exposure levels estimated during the study also represented a measure of the usual exposure of the study subjects.
The associations between the health-related outcomes and the exposure levels estimated as percent change per inter-quartile range (IQR) are presented in Table 4.
To compute these regional estimates, we used the lowest level and highest exposure levels estimated in Tables 1 and 2 from the countries in that region to obtain a regional range.
In these studies, mean NO2 exposure levels estimated for the entire pregnancy were slightly lower than those obtained in our cohort (i.e., around 36-37 μg/m3 compared with 40 μg/m3 in our cohort).
The Villanueva et al. (2005) study was based on assigning birth records to different exposure levels estimated as the overall mean of atrazine concentrations measured over an 8-year period, irrespective of when each pregnancy occurred.
Figure 1 presents the temporal variation in PM10 and NO2 exposure levels estimated at two different locations in the study area (one situated in the city center and one situated in a suburb of Rotterdam).
Despite exposure levels estimated to be equivalent to smoking only 0. 1-1.0 cigarettes per day, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is estimated to increase the risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD) between 25 and 35% above the risk of nonexposed persons.
2,2'-Iminodiethanol is also registered by several companies suggesting a higher exposure level than estimated in the single dossiers.
14 15 Baseline exposure level was estimated from data on PM2.5 concentration in Copenhagen (see Ellermann et al, 16 specific data extracted for the study population) and information regarding 1 min ventilation, 3 17 travel speed, 2 10 mode and distance.
We assessed the SO2 hospitalization/ED visit relationships by conditional logistic regression analyses in which we compared the SO2 exposure levels (AERMOD estimates or the fixed-site measurements near the refineries) for the case period with the matched control periods.
