We further demonstrated that the enhancement of EP effect by exposure fractionation depends on the fraction size (Fig. 3).
SKBR3 cells were likewise exquisitely sensitive to secoiridoids-rich fractions 4, 7 and 8 as they exhibited the highest degree of apoptotic cell death following exposure to fraction 4 (DAOA, > 5-fold increase), fraction 8 containing (ligstroside aglycone, > 25-fold increase), and fraction 7 (oleuropein aglycone, > 10-fold increase).
Although the resulting surface roughness associated with bilayer disruption by Wild Type or mutant forms of Aβ (1 40) was similar in magnitude after 10 hours of exposure, the fraction of the bilayer surface area exhibiting some amount of increased roughness varied (Fig. 10B) (which is one reason why the RMS roughness measurements reported above were taken over different sized areas).
Upon H2O2 exposure, the fraction of damaged mtDNA increased to 58.19% in lymphocytes, representing a 110.6% increase in induced damage from the control (P < 0.001).
After human exposure, a fraction of the absorbed BPA may distribute to body storage site(s) (such as adipose tissue) (Fernandez et al. 2007), followed by a slow release into the bloodstream and ultimately into the urine.
At particular doses and durations of artemisinin exposure, a fraction of parasites survive and eventually replicate to levels that can be detected in blood smears or by flow cytometric methods.
The number of viable cells in the lungs is more directly comparable to human exposure: the fraction of airborne cells that are inhaled and deposit in the lung differ among animals and humans owing to anatomy, respiration rate, animal orientation, etc., but the deposited dose measured in animals can be compared to estimated deposition in the human respiratory tract [ 42].
Analysis of the cytotoxic effect of the first 10 fractions on the HL60 cell line after 48 hours of exposure revealed fractions 1 (p = 0.01), 2, 4 and 7 (p = 0.05) exerted a statistically significant cytotoxic effect (Figure 10B).
Hence, this study aims to evaluate (1) the antioxidant activity, (2) cytotoxicity potential, and (3) the effect on ultrastructural alteration in gastric cancer cell lines through exposure to fractions of three local Northeastern Thai edible plants.
