Exact(1)
During the exposure, feed and drinking water were withdrawn from the animals.
Similar(59)
During the first 2 weeks of exposure, feeding rate of lugworms was significantly reduced at 50 g/kg sediment ww.
However, during the third and fourth week of exposure, feeding rate in the controls decreased to levels close to those observed at 50 g/kg ww.
Lethal and sublethal (post-exposure feeding) responses were assessed for the two species.
This study aimed to: (i) adapt and evaluate a short-term sublethal in situ assay using post-exposure feeding as an endpoint, to the tropical cladoceran species Diaphanosoma brachyurum (collected at the Pedra do Cavalo dam in the Paraguaçu River basin, Bahia, Brazil), and, (ii) assess the role of the standard species Daphnia magna as an adequate laboratory surrogate.
However, because our data on key exposures (feeding style and type) were collected at the same time as weight, this analysis is not strictly longitudinal.
Fish performance was adversely affected by Zn exposure and feed unavailability.
Ammonia exposure reduced feed intake (P = 0.005) and defecation time (P = 0.05) and slowed the rates of eating hay (P = 0.007), masticating alfalfa pellets (P = 0.00) and rumination chewing (P = 0.01).
Although exposure to feed may explain transfer of resistant bacteria to wildlife, other possible production-related pathways of exposure exist, including contact with contaminated manure, dust, or water.
If so, exposure to feed yard derived dusts, antibiotics, and microbes will increase, not only via direct inhalation but also from deposition onto skin and food and into water (Dungan 2010).
In contrast, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) does not appear to be contagious in cattle, but epidemics are sustained artificially through exposure to feed contaminated with infected bovine tissues (15 ); whether BSE in sheep is contagious remains undetermined (16 ).
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