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If meat is never exposed to pathogenic microorganisms (those capable of causing human sickness), then there is no opportunity for food-borne illnesses to occur.
When exposed to pathogenic fungus B. elliptica, the expression of LhSorTGA2 was also up-regulated, reaching its highest level 12 h after treatment (by a factor of 2.77 compared to the control).
They are also exposed to pathogenic bacteria and fungal spores.
All but the control pigs were exposed to pathogenic strains of E. coli via the environment.
Diarrhoea was recorded in 5 to 6 piglets in each group exposed to pathogenic E. coli (Tables 2 and 3).
Diarrhoea was detected in all groups exposed to pathogenic strains of E. coli but not in the control group.
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A longer nematode lifespan, developed on pathogens and exposed to pathogens as adults, did not result from an enhanced capacity to kill bacteria, but is likely due to an increased tolerance to the damage inflicted by the pathogenic bacteria.
We have evaluated whole genome expression profiles of S. tropicalis exposed to the pathogenic chytrid fungus, Bd.
As Cldn13 appears to be preferentially expressed in tissues associated with haematopoiesis/immunity (bone, spleen and thymus) we analysed microarray data derived from mice exposed to the pathogenic protozoan T. congolense to determine whether Cldn13 levels were affected.
Actually, HLA-Cw molecules are exposed to fewer pathogenic pressures, in relation to their lower cellular expression than other class I molecules [51]; however, they are also the main KIR ligands and a co-evolution of both polymorphisms is a likely hypothesis [52].
The other groups were exposed to 3 pathogenic strains of E. coli as described below.
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