In this configuration the T75 cell culture flasks were always exposed to a correct vertical gravity (acceleration) vector during centrifugation.
After washes in PBS-X, the sections were incubated for 90 min at room temperature with anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (1∶500, Vector), washed in PBS-X, exposed to an avidin-biotin complex (Vector) for 1 hr, washed again in PBS-X, and stained using diaminobenzidine (Sigma) enhanced with 0.008% nickel chloride.
Although the major arthropod vectors, animal reservoirs, and routes of transmission to humans are different for C. burnetii and O. tsutsugamushi, co-infection may occur when humans have been exposed to an environment where arthropod vectors and animal reservoirs are prevalent.
Following further washes, sections were exposed to an avidin-biotin complex (1∶400, Vector) for 1 hr, washed three times in TBST, and visualized using Vector SG (1∶167, Vector).
However, people in endemic areas are exposed to the vector over a long term and may experience sand fly-free periods.
These cases are likely only a fraction of those exposed to infective vector species, and of those who developed clinical infections.
In each case there was a progressive increase in fluorescence in the areas of the retina exposed to the vector.
The T-cells were exposed to the vector, which transformed them genetically, and then were frozen.
Substantial rescue from cell death after NGF withdrawal/serum starvation was observed at day two in PC12 cells exposed to vectors expressing Bcl-xL, compared to those exposed to control vector (Figure 7A).
Macaque CD34+ cells were separated into two experimental arms with equal numbers of CD34+ cells that were exposed to each vector separately.
