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Moreover, in a re-analysis of the data, an objectively exposed subgroup (> PCB 28 median 0.20 μg/l) was identified and compared with gender-matched controls.
The exposed subgroup also showed a trend towards more frequent reports of emotional reactions (mean T = 53.1 ± 11 and T = 46.8 ± 10; d = 0.46).
Although a significant increase was not observed for PCB 138, 153 and 180 relative to controls and to background exposure, significantly elevated levels were found for these congeners in the highly exposed subgroup.
Since exposure status depended on the use of contaminated rooms, an objectively exposed subgroup (N = 16; PCB 28 = 0.20 μg/l; weighted exposure duration 17.9 ± 7 years) was identified and compared with 16 paired controls.
The robustness of risk estimates associated with residential distance allowed us to include all subjects in the subsequent analyses rather than restricting them to the nonoccupationally exposed subgroup, thereby improving the precision of the estimates.
27 28 29 Only one published cohort study includes full information on three major aspects of lifetime exposure to passive smoking (childhood, adult residential, and adult occupational), and this study found increased breast cancer risk in a heavily exposed subgroup.
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There were no differences in hematological parameters (e.g. hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells) among exposed subgroups (<0.5 ppm, 0.5 1 ppm and >1 ppm) and with the non-exposed group.
The median survival of nonusers was better than all tobacco exposed subgroups (43.03 months; 95% CI = 40.34 45.72).
Analysis of variance was used on ranked data to compare unexposed subjects and subjects within the two exposed subgroups.
Many studies reported more than one contrast of risk in differently exposed subgroups, so several URRs could be estimated.
Our overall prevalence is similar to the prevalence reports for more highly exposed subgroups from these studies, such as machinists (Kreiss et al. 1996).
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