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The laws governing the export of e-waste present their own difficulties.
If Europe is to crack down on illegal export of e-waste to the developing world, as it should, much more ambition will be needed.
An Essex man last year became the first person in Britain to be jailed for the illegal export of e-waste after he was sentenced to 16 months' imprisonment for smuggling 46 tons of material to Africa.
And the only way that is likely to happen is if laws were introduced that imposed stiff penalties on the export of e-waste, or at least to let manufacturers include a fee in the price of electronic goods (as happens with cans and bottles of drinks) to offset the cost of taking them back for reprocessing when their useful lives were over.
"By carefully regulating the export of e-waste, this bipartisan legislation takes concrete steps to address a growing environmental and health crisis while creating good-paying recycling jobs here in the U.S". E-waste is the fastest-growing category of municipal waste in the U.S., and more than 80percentt of that waste ends up in landfills, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
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It also calls on national governments to more rigorously enforce exports of e-waste.
Although exports of e-waste from the United States are illegal, some 50 to 80 percent of "recycled" electronics are in fact shipped from developed to developing countries, according to the Basel Action Network, a nongovernmental organization that works to prevent toxic trade.
Consequently, the volume, characteristics, and destinations of e-waste exports are shrouded in mystery.
In 2002, the Basel Action Network (BAN), a Seattle-based environmental group, made headlines with its investigation of e-waste exports to Asia [see "e-Junk Explosion," EHP 110 A188 A194 (2002)].
The unfortunate solution: Up to 60% of e-waste is exported to developing countries like China, India and Pakistan where it's less expensive to process.
Significant amounts of e-waste are exported from developed countries to developing countries, including Latin American countries, where recycling of valuable compounds from e-waste, such as copper and gold, has evolved into an important business, predominantly in the informal sector (Gunsilius et al. 2011; UNEP 2010).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com