Exact(2)
Climate policies which would make the developed world responsible for China's export emissions have both benefits and costs, and must be carefully designed to achieve political consensus and equity.
On a per capita basis, South Africa, Kazakhstan, Australia, and Russia all had at least double China's export emissions.
Similar(58)
It's perhaps also worth noting that that the pace of fossil fuel export emission growth in Australia is accelerating rather than contracting, in spite of a carbon tax and a resources tax.
But, as these figures show, there is a flaw in the accounting, because the rich countries are not held accountable for effectively exporting emissions to the developing world".
One of the challenges with measuring national carbon footprints by "consumption" as opposed to "production" is that it would be difficult to track imported and exported emissions for the whole world with a high level of accuracy (the best international dataset, published in 2011, is available here).
Most global and regional environmental problems originate in cities as cities concentrate increasing numbers of people and human activities, exporting emissions and waste (Alberti and Susskind 1996).
So developed countries are essentially exporting their water use, just as they export carbon emissions.
Add to this the regulatory burden of the state-by-state approach to carbon pricing, along with concerns that polluters will simply export their emissions across borders (what economists call "leakage"), and you have a recipe for exactly the kind of regulatory and trade morass that free-market adherents abhor.
The main findings within the study indicate: (1) Granger Causality running from exports to emissions; (2) Granger Causality running from coal consumption to exports; and (3) GDP determines future variability in exports and CO2 emissions.
In a sense, Europe is likely to have exported its emissions to places like China, where polluting economic activity continues to increase while the European economy stagnates.
In exporting countries, emissions from natural gas production and infrastructure can contribute significantly to national and regional greenhouse gas emissions.
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