Once released, individual flies explored the arena using a series of straight flight intervals punctuated by saccades (Fig. 1a).
Participants explored the arena for 2 3 min using right-handed button presses to move forward, left, and right.
This response was distinct to that seen in animals that explored the arena in the dark in the absence of spatially configured odor cues (Supplementary Fig. 4).
Once well-defined neuronal signals were isolated and the rats explored the arena sufficiently (rats had to explore at least 90% of the open field in either session to be included in analysis to allow reliable calculation of spatial characteristics), recording commenced.
During familiarization trials, two identical objects were placed equidistant from each other and the walls of the arena, and mice were allowed to explore the arena for 10 min on 2 consecutive days.
A rat is gently placed into the corner of the field, and allowed to explore the arena for 30 minutes.
Rats were individually placed into the corner of the field, and allowed to explore the arena for 5 minutes.
The animal was placed in the outer part of the arena facing an outer wall and allowed to freely explore the arena for 5 minutes.
Each rat was gently placed into the same corner of the arena facing the same direction and allowed to freely explore the arena for 5 min. Every time both hind limbs entered a square, a crossing was recorded.
Mice were introduced into the arena at a fixed corner, and they were able to explore the arena freely.
