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Most animals behave differently to novel and familiar stimuli: the former sometimes elicit startle responses, sometimes investigatory or exploratory responses; the latter often apparently are ignored.
It is argued that the effect of lithium depends on two factors: enhanced attention to salient cues that modifies the exploratory responses evoked by a novel context; rapid conditioning of an aversion when the fluid consumed is novel.
We also noted if the snake was ignored as well as curious or exploratory responses.
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Placing the felt necklace around Luci's neck prompts an exploratory response (Fig. 2) and initiates action (Fig. 3) where Luci moves the felt beads along the string.
Therefore, if it is assumed that spatial stimuli elicit an unconditioned exploratory response, this exploratory response will decline as spatial stimuli become familiar.
The term of adaptive improvisation is new but the specific examples of such "exploratory response" presented by the authors, namely stress-induced mobilization of MGE, DNA transfer by exosome, and changes in the microbiome, are well known.
From this point-of-view, the greatly diminished number of compartment transitions by some juvenile A and BALB mice could indicate that 24 h of social isolation prior to testing was insufficient to mediate an active exploratory response in a proportion of individuals from each strain.
I do agree that these mechanisms (and other similar ones, e.g. stress-induced mutagenesis) can be legitimately described as exploratory response and do represent a distinct evolutionary modality (in Ref. 59, Yuri Wolf and I defined this class of phenomena as quasi-Lamarckian).
Exploratory clinical responses, measured as M-protein and bone responses, based on EBMT and ABMTR/IBMTR criteria (Bladé et al, 1998), revealed that two patients from the sotatercept 0·5 mg/kg patient cohort achieved a complete M-protein response.
C. Additional considerations Additional considerations Natural 'division-of-workload' between defined and exploratory stress responses Stress can be reduced either by pre-evolved response programs or via the much slower process of adaptive improvisation.
The results of these studies suggest that early social experience does not affect general activity, exploratory tendencies, responses to predators and spatial learning abilities in the respective study species.
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