Shrews emit clicks, twitters, chirps, squeaks, churls, whistles, barks, and ultrasonic sounds in contexts of alarm, defense, aggression, courtship, interactions between mother and young, and exploration and foraging.
A control system for mapping, exploration, and foraging was developed using the HAA architecture and evaluated in three experiments.
After subjects reached sexual maturity, we measured their sensitivity to periods of food restriction, their exploration and foraging behaviour as well as adult resting metabolic rate (RMR).
Furthermore, the rapid exploration and foraging displayed by subjects that had experienced poorer early nutritional conditions may reflect a more risky foraging strategy to cope with higher nutritional needs.
We tested subject's response to food restriction as adults by measuring body mass loss and tested their exploration and foraging behaviour after a short period of food deprivation.
A study of ladybirds (Coccinella septempunctata) found turning bias at the level of the individual and suggested that this increases both their exploration and foraging efficiency [ 15].
The main behavioural categories were: foraging, exploration, playing, locomotion, resting, sleeping, biting and fighting.
Dopamine-energized, this mesolimbic SEEKING system, arising from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), encourages foraging, exploration, investigation, curiosity, interest and expectancy.
Univariate exploration revealed that foraging was the only behaviour affected by the treatments (Table 1).
This raises the question as to whether such effects are also reflected in behavioural and biometric traits that are linked to the acquisition of resources such as adult body reserve management, foraging, exploration and risk-taking behaviour.
The 'ventral domain' appears to be critical for learning flexible behaviours for exploration and foraging, as it is the recipient of converging inputs from amygdala, hippocampal formation and prefrontal cortex, putatively centres for stimulus evaluation, spatial navigation, and planning/contingency, respectively.
