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A potential difficulty in exploiting within Metropolitan Statistical Area MSAA), cross-decade variation in immigrant share is that MSA boundaries change over time.
This primary finding of principal component analysis was refined by exploiting within groups the relationship of the PC7, relevant for frontal cortex processing, to the verbal memory functions, the so-called scaled subprofile model to functional imaging [ 31].
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The results indicate that the gradient is steeper for those with rarer variants.38 However, Conley and Rauscher (2013) advise caution when interpreting evidence from studies estimating G*E effects exploiting within-family variation.
In the present study, we circumvented the limitations of the hybrid phenotype by exploiting within-species polymorphism for between-species postzygotic isolation to determine the genetic architecture of segregating variation for F1 hybrid male sterility directly.
With elements of race, causal claims may be possible using two designs: (1) studies that measure the effect of exposure to a racial cue and (2) studies that exploit within-group variation to measure the effect of some manipulable element.
This means that we cannot exploit within-country variability in our treatments to untangle a causal estimate of the effect of institutional conditions.
Because all specifications include website-level fixed effects (δ i ), we exploit within-website variation to identify effects of Craigslist's entry in the websites' markets.
For example, Thompson (2014) exploits within-family variation in genetic inheritance, to see if there are differential responses of household income on child education outcomes by variants of the MAOA genes.
This implies that we only exploit within-variation (therefore, the FE estimator is also called 'Within-Estimator').
Toward this end, we establish KGCAK database (K-mer-based Genome Composition Analysis Knowledgebase) that exploits within-species K-mer arrays and allows cross-species comparisons, for phylogeny building.
Hundreds of young people are being abused and exploited within the travelling sales industry in the US.
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