The main feature of D2CARP is to jointly exploit the path and spectrum diversity in routing.
The second algorithm (A 2), which exploits the path metrics from the Viterbi decoder to approximate the APPs, represents our main contribution.
Since the next channel number generation scheme is designed to exploit the path loss symmetry between the AP and a user node, they are likely to switch to the same next channel as long as they stayed on the same channel previously.
In practice, for such scheme investigated in [20], the performance can be further improved by exploiting the direct path between cognitive source and destination.
Similarly, as stated in previous, although exploiting the direct path transmission can effectively compensate the performance loss of secondary systems caused by multiple primary users' interference, in [23], the direct link between cognitive source and destination was neglected.
By exploiting the "natural" path for vesicle endocytosis, EVs can bypass the immune system with no or low cytotoxic effects [ 26, 27].
The multiple inputs multiple output (MIMO) architecture supports smart antennas and MIMO links is now a popular technique for exploiting the multi-path, spatial multiplexing, and diversity gain to provide high spectral efficiencies and performance improvement in wireless ad hoc networks.
Based on the throughput loss analysis in the previous subsection, we perform dynamic feedback-bits allocation at each receiver in order to minimize the rate loss of each user by exploiting the heterogeneity of path loss.
The aim is to be able to appropriately exploit the dominant path signals for the mitigation of inter-area oscillations.
