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Though heme biosynthesis is not an essential pathway for blood-stage parasites (Ke 2014, Nagaraj 2013), our manuscript shows that this pathway is nonetheless targetable because stimulation of pathway activity can be exploited to kill parasites.
The demonstration that inhibition of PARP activity provided specific anti-tumor activity toward BRCA2 deficient tumors was the first time DNA repair had been exploited to kill a cancer [ 55].
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The resulting glucose dependency can be exploited to selectively kill Pten-null cells with clinically relevant CI inhibitors, especially if they are lipophilic.
This weakness has been exploited to specifically kill the tumor cells while sparing the normal ones, a concept known as 'synthetic lethality'.
Synthetic lethal interactions between mutated oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes and molecules involved in DNA damage signaling and repair can be therapeutically exploited to preferentially kill tumor cells [ 150].
In accordance, we have recently demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of a mitochondrial potassium channel (whose expression is upregulated in many cancers) and the consequent mitochondrial dysfunction might be exploited to selectively kill melanoma cells even in vivo, as well as in ex vivo human leukemic cells.
Inhibitors of PARPs which interfering DNA repair, in context of defects in other DNA repair mechanisms, can thus be potentially exploited to inhibit or even kill cancer cells.
Could it be that the owners of Twitter are actively exploiting it to kill off their current users?
These may include treatment strategies targeting altered genetic signalling pathways by blocking specific cell surface molecules, altering the cancer microenvironments that nurture cancer stem cells, inducing differentiation of CSCs, immunotherapy based on CSCs associated antigens, exploiting metabolites to kill CSCs, and designing small interfering RNA/DNA molecules that especially target CSCs.
Antimitotic chemotherapy exploits this to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells, but how mitotic arrest activates apoptosis is poorly understood.
Thus, the cause of the cancer (in this instance a checkpoint defect) can be selectively exploited to cause differential cell killing.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com