Overall, most scholars do include a broad range of elements in their conceptualization of IC, including both those that are explicitly knowledge-based and those that are not [ 4, 10, 12, 19, 23, 37, 38].
Based on these semantic definitions, not only the explicitly asserted knowledge in ontologies but also the implied knowledge, which is derived through inference, is considered for the sake of ontology assessment.
Explicitly encoded knowledge in this style is usually effective but requires a laborious knowledge engineering effort.
A learning approach to knowledge-assisted image analysis and classification is proposed that combines global and local information with explicitly defined knowledge in the form of an ontology.
He stood down as NoW editor, taking responsibility for the actions of his staff but not explicitly denying knowledge of what they had been doing.
However, explicitly available knowledge, as, e.g. in handbooks, appeared often sufficient to construct an adequate 'artificial problem solver'.
However, many methods using CFA pattern distortions [17 20] do not explicitly incorporate knowledge of the actual configuration of the CFA pattern.
It is worth noting here, however, the scope of OKI also reached beyond the learning domain by explicitly acknowledging knowledge as much as learning.
They are hierarchically organised and backed by computational logic which allows automated inferences of the implicit consequences of explicitly stated knowledge.
This significant lack of explicitly available knowledge on how experts prepare plans and carry out measurements slows down the planning process, leading to the repetitive reinvention of new plans while preventing the automation or even semi-automation of the process.
Second, we administered a questionnaire that explicitly probed knowledge of the relationships between stimuli, responses, and outcomes.
