These studies illustrate ways that people invoke action-based meaning for presented stimuli even when action-oriented goals are not explicitly cued.
A virtual environment might prove to be the ideal tool for innovative experimental paradigms to study explicitly cued fear and contextual anxiety in humans.
A related result [53] is that explicitly cueing the observers as to the target onset asynchrony between two targets in a dual target rapid serial visual presentation attenuated the attentional blink normally observed under such conditions [54] [57].
For both the mathematical and musical tasks, approximately half of the participants showed the expected spatial judgment effect when explicitly cued to focus on the spatial properties of the stimuli.
However, these tasks did not explicitly probe whether individuals might be able to use an expert framework if explicitly cued to do so.
In each trial of the blocked explicitly cued task switching paradigm, colored shapes were presented centrally on the monitor as target stimuli against a light gray background.
To our knowledge, only two studies have investigated WCST-like task-set shifting in ADHD with explicitly cued task switching paradigms.
