Relying on the concept of "disparate impact," it said a school may be discriminating if its policies have a discriminatory effect, even if they are not explicitly biased.
The panel also questioned the legal notion of "disparate impact," which underlies the guidance and holds that a school may be discriminating if its policies have a discriminatory effect, even if they are not explicitly biased.
We make the case for explicitly biasing ions to sample the true binding free energy of biomolecules when the ion concentration is high and the binding free energies of the solute and ions are similar.
While not explicitly biased by asymmetries in the stimulus, RFs estimated using gradient descent methods will, by definition, be most successful in minimizing or maximizing the relevant cost function for predicted responses to those stimuli that occur most frequently.
Apart from any underlying biological differences, our sampling method was also explicitly biased: we probed our libraries with female cDNA and sequenced non-hybridizing clones in order to enrich our ESTs for male-specific transcripts.
As every research report dutifully lists numbers and none has ever been seen to explicitly admit bias, it's hard to imagine any report failing this pathetic test.
Humans favor others seen as similar to themselves (ingroup) over people seen as different (outgroup), even without explicitly stated bias.
Humans (Homo sapiens) favor other humans seen as belonging to their own group (ingroup) over humans seen as belonging to different social groups (outgroup), even in absence of explicitly stated bias [1], [2].
Concerning other factors potentially affecting reported vaccine effectiveness, no meta-analysis on the elderly discussed explicitly publication bias, and only Jefferson et al. investigated the potential impact of private sponsorship.
Moreover, we explicitly analyze potential biases through data mining or publication selection at the end of this section.
