Conversely, the development of a DRG catalogue can also be seen as a starting point towards a more explicitly defined benefit catalogue, and subsequently lead to benefit catalogues where all approved interventions are listed and grouped around the relevant diagnoses [ 2].
While benefits in outpatient care are rather explicitly defined, benefit definitions for inpatient care are vague.
In the absence of explicitly defined benefit catalogues, in- and outpatient remuneration schemes have the character of benefit catalogues.
Explicitly defined benefit catalogues, however, require clear and transparent decision criteria for the in- or exclusion of benefits.
Just this summer, the group bestowed several of its "Champion of the 50+" awards on Republican lawmakers who have either explicitly supported benefit cuts or expressed openness to them.
Those countries which recently introduced new health care legislations, such as Italy, Poland, and Spain, have more explicitly defined benefit catalogues.
This development suggests that the German health care system is moving towards a more explicitly defined benefit catalogue [ 17].
In recent years strong efforts have been made by the German government to move towards a more explicitly defined benefit basket.
While nearly all state constitutions explicitly guarantee benefits accrued from work already completed, the status of future benefits -- benefits promised to current employees in exchange for future work -- is less certain.
But they also explicitly recognize benefits, for instance, that veiling signifies "womanly modesty and propriety" and their "superior standing vis-à-vis other Muslim women" (Narayan 2002, 420 1).
