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In AKV, Lewis (1946, 334) argued that whatever we ostensibly remember, whether as explicit recollection or merely in our sense of the past, is prima facie credible just because so remembered.
While each of these lines of evidence alone have been cited in the past as evidence that implicit test performance was not due to explicit memory retrieval, collectively, these four lines of evidence make it nearly impossible that participants engaged in explicit recollection on this implicit memory test and that such explicit recollection is responsible for the results obtained [45], [46].
Hence, the improved performance on the Recognition and Source Memory tasks, which require the retrieval of contextual elements from episodic memory to a lesser extent, might be due to the AS group's employing explicit recollection strategies based on a preserved semantic memory.
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Of those who survived, 46 per cent experienced a broad range of mental recollections, nine per cent had experiences compatible with traditional definitions of a near-death experience and two per cent exhibited full awareness with explicit recall of "seeing" and "hearing" events – or out-of-body experiences.
In the psychologists' sense, explicit memory involves the conscious recollection of previously presented information, while implicit memory involves the facilitation of a task or a change in performance as a result of previous exposure to information, without, or at least not as a result of, conscious recollection (Schacter 1987; Schacter and Tulving 1994).
This component is related to explicit recognition (i.e. recollection) of information from previous study episodes [20], and is thought to result from deeper hippocampal and medial temporal lobe activity because it is absent in patients with lesions of the hippocampus [21].
The same logic is often used in studies that attempt to understand many cognitive processes that appear to involve separate processes, such as between implicit and explicit learning, re, priming and recognition, and recollection and familiarity based memory.
I believe that in our relationship with History there can (or must) be an explicit, voluntary reference to tradition: as a showcase, recollection, citation or in a melancholy sense, as nostalgia which is sometimes ironic why not?
If the subject is brought back two weeks later, and has no conscious recollection of most of the word pairs on the list, then she has no explicit memory of them.
"I have no recollection".
LIONEL: First recollection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com