These real-time subcortical transformations, which may subserve humans' strong predisposition for grouping, likely reflect a mix of local and top-down processes that are influenced by implicit and explicit knowledge about the auditory stimulus and expectation [68].
If auditory cues facilitate object detection by encouraging explicit mental imagery, then the cuing effect might diminish or disappear when the position of the target is uncertain.
The synaptic elements that shape the electrical behaviour of the auditory synapse have not yet been integrated in an explicit model [ 6].
Only a paucity of the tDCS studies to date has explored the modulation of prefrontal areas during explicit memory tasks and to our knowledge, none of these used auditory presented nouns as stimuli.
The thalamic inputs to the auditory cortex were modeled as time-varying firing rates without explicit spikes.
Our method avoids explicit usage of sound event samples when creating a synthesized representation of an auditory scene, as it is complicated to automatically find samples with unique content and acoustic properties that match a target scene.
Consequently, audiovisual matching of two verbal stimuli (i.e. auditory and visual words) can occur at the level of phonology prior to explicit retrieval of semantics whereas audiovisual matching of two nonverbal stimuli (e.g. pictures and sounds of objects) can occur at the level of semantics without explicit retrieval of phonology.
Thus, the current results do not provide explicit support for brain substrates of motor equivalence, at least for simple repetitive movements paced by auditory cues.
Reward delivery was concomitant with the compound presentation of 2 cues, consisting of a 2-sec 65 dB auditory tone and illumination of the food magazine, that were designed to serve as explicit secondary or conditioned reinforcers during the tests for reinstatement (see below).
Thus, as depicted in Table 1, the performance variability for the explicit timing conditions was larger in perceptual than in motor-timing tasks, was also larger using visual rather than auditory stimuli, and decreased as a function of the number of intervals.
