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Second, the effects of person and item characteristics were jointly tested using explanatory item response models.
The glmer function from the lme4 package (Bates et al. 2015) was used to test explanatory item response models (GLMMs).
Second, we investigated the joint effect of person and item characteristics on disengagement using explanatory item response models.
Second, we tested the joint effects of person and item characteristics on disengagement in PIAAC using explanatory item response models.
This approach is also known as explanatory item response modeling (De Boeck and Wilson 2004), which is equivalent to Rasch modeling (Rasch 1960) with explanatory variables.
The (interacting) variables cognitive pre-test score and item difficulty were centered when testing the explanatory item response models to ease the interpretation of effects.
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To coincide with the rollout, The Times is starting a feature that will track the law's implementation through articles, graphics, Q. and A.'s, explanatory items and other elements contributed by Times reporters and editors.
Descriptions, criteria, and coding used for the topological/diagrammatic elements, content, presentation, and explanatory items are summarized in Table 1.
In contrast, when 49 factors were extracted by the principal component analysis (2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and PCQ as objective variables, PCB blood concentration as an explanatory variable), items which showed less than a 0.05 level of significance for PCB blood concentration (explanatory variable) included 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF blood concentration and excessive eye discharge.
The Notes section explains these non-self-explanatory line items.
Item explanatory models have the potential to provide insight into why certain items are easier or more difficult than others.
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