Exploratory data analysis consisted of testing all explanatory indicators for normality, log-transforming those variables requiring so (ChDn, DuDn, DuChDn, ChMtDn, AgPopDn, UrPopDn, PopDn, and AgPopDnOI).
Each component is measured by one indicator, using a scoring system ranging from 0 to 2. However, when the objective of a study is to capture the complexity behind the primary care components, more detailed, process-oriented, and explanatory indicators are needed for each component.
Proportional hazard regression modeling for survival was performed based on the following explanatory indicator variables: chemotherapy, baseline low PSA, baseline low CLU, decrease in PSA result, and low Day 100 CLU result.
At first sight, this approach could also provide a two-df test by adding an explanatory indicator variable that contrasts the heterozygous genotype from the two homozygous genotypes (males again being coded as homozygous).
In designing WIN as a pragmatic clinical trial, the research team used the Pragmatic-Explanatory Indicator Summary (PRECIS) instrument, which is an instrument designed to assist researchers in clarifying and refining the study along a pragmatic-exploratory continuum [ 39].
PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS -2 is a tool that could imPRECIS -2isn insight for trialistool
The Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) provides a useful framework to help researchers design pragmatic trials [ 77].
The details of these explanatory variables or indicators are available on request from the first author, and can also be found in the reference [ 12- 16].
Explanatory variables included indicators for intervention (PIP; 1 = intervention, 0 = SC), antenatal depression (DEP; 1 = depressed, 0 = not depressed, and their interaction. Intervention's moderation of depression's impact on infant growth (PIP*DEP) was the effect of interest, and we set the criteria for a 2-sided p-value <0.05 to be significant.
To answer our second research question, we will perform multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the contribution of the patient-related independent explanatory variables (SES indicators, Dutch language proficiency, health literacy, cultural distance, and religion) to the risk of experiencing an AE.
Explanatory variables included indicators for intervention (PIP; 1 = intervention, 0 = SC) and antenatal depression (DEP; 1 = depressed, 0 = not depressed), time (TIME; 0 = birth, 1 = post-birth, 2 = six months), and the two- and three-way interactions of PIP, DEP, and TIME.
