Naturalists still might invoke inferences to the best moral explanation, but then moral skeptics can deny that any moral hypothesis provides the best explanation independently of prior moral assumptions.
In contrast with previous research, our closed-ended instrument made it possible for visitors to endorse each explanation independently of the others, permitting a more nuanced analysis of their relationships and providing evidence for this claim.
Additionally, our instruments were developed in a two-stage process and were very sensitive to subtle changes in explanatory structure because, unlike open-ended instruments, they allowed visitors to endorse each type of explanation independently of the others.
Because visitors' reasoning in the earlier study was often found to be mixed (including two or more themes from different reasoning patterns), the items in this questionnaire were designed so that respondents could choose to agree or disagree with each explanation, independently of the others (see Table 4; Appendix A).
All children's explanations were independently coded by at least two researchers until absolute agreement was achieved.
In sum, 2200 written explanations were independently scored for the presence or absence of evolutionary concepts by both EvoGrader and by humans.
According to the quantum explanation given independently by George Gamow and by Ronald W. Gurney and Edward Condon in 1928, the alpha particle is confined before the decay by a potential of the shape shown in Figure 1.
In multivariate regression models, HL and perceived clarity of the physician's explanation were independently associated with understanding of diabetes care and self-efficacy.
If a gene pair was also seen in mouse, there are at least two possible explanations: the gene was independently duplicated in both the mouse and human genomes or the gene was duplicated a single time in a common ancestor (before human-mouse divergence).
Such truth-independent explanations are then supposed to show that moral beliefs are either not true, not really (mind independently) true, or not justified (cf. Joyce 2006, Street 2006, Braddock forthcoming).
