While there was room to improve on expansion and explanation of arguments, the candidates did some things remarkably well.
Some are used for visualization and explanation of arguments, e.g. Araucaria (Reed and Rowe, 2001), some for decision support (Fox, 2001) and some for collaborative decision support (Gordon and Karacapilidis, 1997).
A good explanation of his argument is here (see chapter 9).
In contrast to Kitcher's unificationist approach to explanation via instantiation of argument schemata, on the causal-mechanical approach, unification occurs via instantiation of the same abstract mechanism schema within a domain.
For straightforwardly descriptive arguments of the same form, the explanation of why the argument is valid relies on the idea that the phrase in the antecedent has a constant meaning that it represents both unembedded and embedded.
Her enthusiasm for Darwin's artistic employment of the pheasant feather, for example, comes with insufficient explanation of the larger argument that the images serve.
Pointing out that reasoning by analogy is not a necessary fact of life in all legal systems, and that, even where it does feature, it is still necessary to provide an explanation of the rationale of arguments from analogy, and the links between such arguments and coherence accounts of adjudication, Raz seeks to shift the burden of proof onto those who champion coherence.
Let's accept that explanation for the sake of argument (although, knowing fans as I do, Clemens might very well have received an ovation).
As we have seen, some of these characterizations come with supporting arguments, and this is a dramatic advance on the state of play as of about a decade back; however, the norm in this subfield is still to omit explanations of why arguments for competing conceptions of action are incorrect.
The negative items were reversed so that higher scores reflected more consistenly the view of science as a process of explanation and argument.
