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A final objection to convention-based theories targets the broader Lockean strategy of explaining language in terms of thought.
First, the idea that explaining language use involves attributing knowledge to speakers flouted the prevailing behaviorist view that talking about mental states was unscientific because mental states are unobservable.
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"If thought corrupts language," Orwell explained, "language can also corrupt thought".
Because New York does not mandate elementary foreign language education as some states do, Ms. Barnett explained, language programs tend to suffer when test scores drop in mandated subjects, such as math and English.
If slavery were to "die without the aid of our race to kill it," Gooding explained, "language cannot depict the indignity, the scorn, and perhaps violence that will be heaped upon us".
When Mr. Raedeke learned of a local program offering free dental insurance to low-income families, he helped sign up 30 people at the institute, visited dentists to explain language and cultural barriers, then arranged transportation and attended dental appointments.
To explain language acquisition, we must assume that learners have an innate knowledge of a universal grammar capturing the common deep structure of natural languages.
In addition, Noam Chomsky rejected behaviorist assumptions about language as a learned habit and proposed instead to explain language comprehension in terms of mental grammars consisting of rules.
As Biro (2016, 110) explains, "Language ideologies within the discussion of linguistic landscapes refers to a set of shared attitudes and beliefs of the given community about language or languages".
A theory of this kind was put forward some years ago to explain language difficulties in Down syndrome (Elliott, Weeks, & Chua, 1994).
As Harrison explains, "Languages need to be incentivized for the youngest members of the community.
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