However, the exfoliation of damaged cells may also be explained by the high recurrence rate of bladder tumors indicating the development of a subsequent tumor.
HCC recurrence can be explained by the following points: (i) invasive recurrence from microscopic bile duct invasion; (ii) infiltrating recurrence of tumor thrombus having been incompletely removed during primary hepatectomy; (iii) invasion from the surrounding tissues of the common bile duct; or (iv) recurrence of hematogenous metastasis with microscopic venous invasion.
For example, Saphner showed that the significantly higher hazard of recurrence in HR− versus HR+ patients in the time period 0 12 years (P < 0.00001) could be explained by the higher risk of recurrence in years 0 5 for HR− patients (P < 0.0001).
This could be partially explained by the different therapies following recurrence, as many of them contained anti-VEGF agents, which would be more beneficial for tumors with high VEGF levels [ 55].
The disparate findings may in part be explained by the use of PSA-recurrence as a measure of outcome, as biochemical failure does not necessarily herald prostate cancer death (Jhaveri et al, 1999).
Interestingly, one of the recurrences did have a low sTg level of 2.5 μg/L, but this may be explained by the small volume of recurrent disease, which was only detected by US 5 months later.
This is mainly explained by the fact that one-third presented recurrence of shoulder instability and half of this score assesses stability.
6, 12, 17 Furthermore, this study showed that patients with more than three recurrent tumor locations had a worse post-recurrence survival compared with those with less involved locations, which could also be explained by the more aggressive behavior of multiple recurrences.
The requirement for late surgery was not increased even in the patients with recurrent episodes of IE. Also this could be partly explained by the positive association between the development of recurrences and IVDU.
No difference was found for local recurrence (P=0.95), which can be explained by the fact that survival is mainly determined by distant metastases rather than local recurrences.
