The mean difference in combined fruit and vegetable intake may be explained by the instruments used to estimate intake.
The low performance of family focus and community orientation can partly be explained by the instruments used, as the questions asked are related to the relationships between users, professionals and health facilities, instead of the relationships between users and community health-workers, who are those who interact with the families and communities [ 27].
But even with Strads it remains unclear how much of a good (or bad) performance is explained by the instrument being used.
By increasing the number of variants, the proportion of variance explained by the instrument increases, thus improving precision in two-stage least-squares regression (Box 1) (50).
Only 2% of all samples had p,p′-DDT concentrations above LOD; however, this could not fully be explained by the instrument performance as previous studies from the same areas have reported considerably higher concentrations of p,p′-DDT than the LOD in the current study.
We followed a two-step regression approach: In the first step, we used the SIMP-G as predictors (i.e., five predictors), in the second step we added the additional Big Five measure to determine the incremental variance explained by the additional instrument (i.e., a total of 10 predictors).
Each increase in DHCR7/ CYP2R1 allele score was associated with a 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1) nmol/L decrease in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Figure 2 shows the strength of the genotypes and allele scores as instruments and the variation in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration explained by these instruments.
Of the total variance explained by the two personality instruments the SIMP-G explained, in the first step, on average 50% of the totally explained variance (Radj =.12, [.04;.23]) and the second instrument explained on average additional 50% of the criterion variance (Δ Radj =.11, [.00 .27]).
This is an unusual finding that can't be fully explained by the difference in the instruments (classical versus traditional), playing method or intensity of the exercise.
This difference in perceived stigma could be explained by the limitations of the instruments used to assess stigma, but there could also be other factors that mitigate the experience of stigma by the survivor and associated mental health outcomes.
This decline may be explained by the nature of the instrument; 4 items (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) probe role limitations that are a result of physical health (e.g., "Cut down on the amount of time you spent on work or other activities").
