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This suggests that obtaining a more complex and data-rich exposure metric, such as Hg dose, improves the strength of the exposure biomarker relationship but may not explain substantially more of the exposure variance than basic dietary data.
Given that the proportion of phenotype variance explained is a function of allele frequency and effect size [approximated as β × (2 pq ], limitations in sample size mean that many current sequencing studies are powered to detect only those single low-frequency variants that explain substantially more phenotypic variance than single common SNPs.
Approaches that estimate genetic variance based on a large series of GWAS variants such as GCTA show that aggregate effects of genome-wide significant common variants and those that do not reach this criterion explain substantially larger amounts of variance for, for example, human height, major depression or type 1 and 2 diabetes.
The idea is that, if the maximum-likelihood-SNP is in complete LD with the QTL, it will not only have a high Identity-By-Descent (IBD) probability with the QTL but also be alike-in-state (AIS) and thus will explain substantially more variance than a SNP that is only in partial LD with the QTL, such as the second highest log-likelihood SNP.
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Furthermore, individual and item differences could be explained substantially by the test-taker's educational attainment, language, and cognitive skill level, and by the item's difficulty and position.
The health variables models explained substantially more variance.
Confirmation on resampling considerably strengthens results; failure to confirm, unless clearly explained, substantially weakens inferences.
Secondly, significant heterogeneity existed for several outcomes that could not be explained substantially by our pre-specified subgroups.
Results suggest that the IBD matrix explained substantially more variance than the IBS matrix, when they were fitted together in the model.
uberis; MAS: general mastitis All chromosomes explained significant amounts of genetic variance for each trait, except chromosome X (BTA30), which explained substantially less variance than would be expected based on its size.
The any-stage ultrasound model 3 explained substantially more variability in endometriosis than the any-stage no ultrasound model 1 (Nagelkerke's R = 0.54 vs. 0.44 in phase I).
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