As a result, though there may well be significant differences between various locations or areas of expertise, boundary objects serve to provide common ground, and are thus a way of establishing overall coherence and integration.
More recently, due to technological advances and increasing surgical expertise, these traditional boundaries are being pushed and larger.
For example, undergraduate and postgraduate university education increasingly form a core aspect of nursing and midwifery training, and new policies have led to changes in the roles, responsibility, expertise and professional boundaries of multidisciplinary healthcare teams [ 35, 53].
Patient involvement is influenced by perceptions of power, roles, boundaries, expertise and knowledge, feelings of dignity and respect, and the perception that the presence of a person is legitimate [ 45].
Healthcare settings are becoming evermore varied and boundaries of expertise are shifting alongside contemporary cultural and policy changes.
At the institutional level, building cohesive multidisciplinary research teams by integrating expertise across traditional disciplinary boundaries is not a simple undertaking.
After Stewart's defeat in 1935, he was appointed by George V to chair the Canadian section of the International Joint Commission, in recognition of his expertise on international water boundary issues.
As a result, collaborative software has nearly infinite possibilities for breaking through all kinds of boundaries: time, space, expertise, rank, resources and academic discipline.
Throughout her academic training, Nath never shied away from adventure or from looking outside the direct boundaries of her expertise.
However, there is debate within the profession as to where the boundaries of this expertise lie, as illustrated by the comments provided for this study.
