Traditionally, doctors have been trained to be self-reliant and independent, with the profession relying more on expertise, autonomy and responsibility rather than interdependence, deliberation and dialogue [ 1].
These outcomes may be due to the fact that locating expertise, autonomy and responsibility at lower hierarchical levels creates opportunities for continued individual and organisational learning [ 82] and a context for richer interactions that can improve information quality [ 91], cross-functional relationships [ 92], and coordination [ 69].
It seems that, in practice, physicians' expertise and autonomy do not always take precedence over patient demands.
The Nurse Consultant role in Australia aligns with international descriptions of the APN, in that it comprises several key attributes: clinical expertise, leadership, autonomy and role development [ 12].
First, this study suggests that, when developing MEMRs, it is better not to over-emphasize the nature of the technology's innovation and automation, such as providing too many tips or guidelines, as it will make physicians feel that their expertise or autonomy to make decisions regarding diagnosis is interfered with or challenged.
Having a job includes many aspects that provide flow experiences and satisfy intrinsic needs, like being in the company of workmates, applying expertise and experiencing autonomy.
By professionalism we mean the expertise, challenges and autonomy that characterise practitioners' clinical work.
Third, hospitals have a varied workforce including medical professionals who possess high levels of expertise, power, and autonomy.
Representing some of cartography's greatest names -- including Mercator, Blaeu and Ortelius -- it traces the northward progress of map-making expertise, commerce and political autonomy.
If Deepmind has autonomy, and expertise, to manipulate the data it is given access to — and the facts certainly suggest it does — then it is highly likely that a regulator, and the courts, would determine that it is a data controller.
The questionnaire included 7 items each in the domains of patient autonomy, professional expertise and humanism.
