There thus grew up close to the crown a more specialized class of administrators, whose expertise rather than birth was the key to their influence; the sale of office allowed wealthy families to establish a firm base for later political and social advancement.
The THUNDER architecture is an abstraction of the general case model by taking care of the low-level details of hardware virtualization, load balancing, and storage in a way that is considerate of the technical maturity of the users, as well as the level of expertise expected from the administrators.
Unlike current QI reviews (which are often internal) [ 15], ethical oversight reviews including those for QI should be independent and should reflect bioethical and methodological expertise, and perspectives from administrators, clinicians and patients.
Many grants are allocated by administrators who lack expertise in evaluating proposals, rather than by open, competitive peer review.
Undeterred by the frailty of the local private sector, arts administrators have pooled expertise on selling services, developing restaurants, and other money-spinners.
However, few administrators have the expertise to do the jobs well since this distributed mechanism is a double-edged sword; it allows DNS not only to scale to Internet size but also allows for incredible mis-configurations.
David Bennett, the chief executive of Monitor, said: "We are now consulting on whether to appoint administrators with the expertise to reorganise services in a way which is clinically robust and sustainable.
The professional training of physicians, as well as of health planners and administrators, gives them expertise in the evaluation of the health benefits of different health treatments and programs.
He lacks the deep technical expertise that enabled the previous administrator, Michael Griffin, to second-guess NASA's own experts and those from industry.
Editor's note: Dr. William Vélez will be lending his expertise in a MiSciNet column for administrators beginning January 2004 and alternating every other month.
