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Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) was devoted to the first, and Hume's Treatise of Human Nature (1739 40), "being an attempt to apply the method of experimental reasoning to moral subjects," was devoted to the second.
The new experimental reasoning was qualitatively different from the Euclidean style of reasoning adopted by Stevin.
Any experimental reasoning of the kind that the argument from design employs must ensure that the cause is proportioned to the effect.
This involved sharing in Hume's critique of abstract rationalist systems, but it also involved the very different project of defending empirical induction and experimental reasoning as the new epistemology appropriate for a modern Enlightened philosophy.
When we use analogies that are this weak and imperfect then only doubt and uncertainty can result (D, 2.17/147,5.1/165; T, 1.3.12.25/142) In order to bring out the particular difficulties of the argument from design, and the way in which it has only the façade of ordinary experimental reasoning, Hume suggests the analogy of a house.
This latter field conceals a latent non-classical logic underlying theoretical and experimental reasoning that can be brought to light by focusing on the analogy between biochemical processes and logical deductions.
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These astonishing capacities for statistical reasoning, experimental discovery and probabilistic logic allow babies to rapidly learn all about the particular objects and people surrounding them.
Motivated by this line of reasoning, experimental physicists searched hard during the 1980s for evidence of proton decay.
At its heart was not just a clash between the empirical, or what Hume called the "experimental" mode of reasoning from observation, and the hypothetical-paranoid, where Rousseau started with an a priori plot and then went searching for facts to prove it.
The first and most important sense is that it involves applying the experimental method of reasoning to this "long disputed question".
In this way, Hume's compatibilist strategy must be understood within the general context of his effort to "introduce the experimental method of reasoning into moral subjects".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com