While the compartmentalized changes in enteric microfloral population and augmentation of bacterial translocation (BT) have already been reported using experimental obstruction models, alterations in epithelial permeability of the obstructed guts has not been studied in detail.
Second, in model taxa, experimental obstruction of SFPs are known to affect a range of important reproductive phenotypes, such as sperm survival, male fertility, sperm usage by females, female ovulation/egg production, male competitive fertilization success and female life span and receptivity to remating [ 3– 5].
Previous studies showed that angiopoietin-1 prevented renal capillary and interstitial lesions following experimental ureteric obstruction.
Animal models can be classified into the following groups (summarized in Table 2): (i) chemically-induced cholangitis, (ii) knock-out mouse models, (iii) cholangitis induced by infectious agents, (iv) models of experimental biliary obstruction, (v) models involving enteric bacterial cell-wall components or colitis and (vi) models of primary biliary epithelial and endothelial cell injury [59].
Uretero-pelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction (occlusions in the urinary tract, at the base of the kidney) and its experimental counterpart, unilateral ureteral obstructions (UUO, surgical obstruction at the uretero-pelvic junction) are common models for the study of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
In addition, the early growth response gene 1 (EGR-1) has been implicated in the TGFβ-mediated fibrosis [54] and in the regulation of interstitial fibrosis in the experimental unilateral ureteric obstruction model [55].
In our investigations of experimental unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction we have used both 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-DMSA in young pigs.
We observed the airways in all experimental animals free of obstruction throughout the study period.
Loss of IL-12 did not modify the progression of bile duct obstruction in experimental biliary atresia.
Peptide leukotrienes can induce many features of asthma in both humans and experimental models, including airway obstruction, mucus secretion, increased vascular permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration, and AHR [ 7].
