Final CBOD5 concentrations in the experimental columns ranged from <10 to 150 mg/l, and only experimental columns operated at low temperature and high initial carbon concentrations had final CBOD5 concentrations >30 mg/l.
Five replicate experimental columns were constructed using zeolite, scoria, riversand and polymeric glass beads, and different flow-through rates were achieved using restricted outlets.
Influent water and effluents from experimental columns were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, DOC, HCO3 −, NOx-N, NH3-N, TN, soluble reactive P (SRP or PO4-P), TP, Al, Ca, Cl−, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Si, Na, and SO4 2−.
Then, the paper examines the ultimate strength data of experimental columns, both reported in this paper and collected from the literature, and concludes that the current direct strength method (DSM) provides very unsafe predictions concerning such a detrimental interaction nature.
Two experimental columns with inner diameters of 0.133 m and 0.4 m were packed with Mellapak 500X-like elements for a 1.4 m bed height and Mellapak 250X-like elements for a 4 m bed height, respectively.
We use a factorial design based on an experimental columns system to observe larval herring at four different ages (17, 31, 38 and 45 days post hatch [dph]), in isothermal and stratified water and with two prior feeding conditions (fed and unfed).
