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First, the alligator lineage-specific rapidly evolving GO results show that the "receptor activity", "transporter activity", and "ion channel activity" have experienced rapid evolution.
This could still be compatible with the possibility of ORFans having viral origins, if it is assumed that ORFans have experienced rapid evolution [ 9, 12, 28] after being transferred from viruses.
During this time, insects experienced rapid evolution and a radiation that is considered faster than any other group [ 1], migrating into nearly all available environmental niches except the benthic zone [ 2].
Our results identified many new snake toxins, such as multiple groups of 3FTxs, some novel lectins, and a peculiar natriuretic peptide (NP), and revealed that toxin genes have experienced rapid evolution and gene expansion.
Moreover, many ORFans may remain without viral homologs if they have experienced rapid evolution after the integration in the new genome, diverging to the extent that no homology to viral proteins is detectable (Charlebois et al. 2003; Domazet-Loso and Tautz 2003; Daubin and Ochman 2004a; Siew and Fischer 2004; Yin and Fischer 2006).
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A third possibility would be that relative to non-ORFans, there is an excess of ORFans experiencing rapid evolution via beneficial mutations.
Clustered miRNAs can experience rapid evolution in terms of species-specific tandem duplications, losses, and single nucleotide substitutions in the seed motif of homologs, as seen among species in Drosophila (Mohammed et al. 2013) and in Caenorhabditis (de Wit et al. 2009; Jovelin and Cutter 2011; Jovelin 2013; Shi et al. 2013).
This observation underscores a key difficulty in performing expression profiling studies targeting traits or proteins that are expected to experience rapid evolution due to sexual selection or other pressures, namely that drawing useful comparisons among species or even within species is hampered by the fact that annotation information will be more severely limited for rapidly evolving genes.
In China, RES are experiencing rapid development.
In addition, the S. noctiflora and S. conica plastid genomes have experienced rapid structural evolution.
Since then, the specialty has experienced rapid growth and development.
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