Sentence examples for experienced predators from inspiring English sources

Our assumption regarding the effect of the assessment period is supported by Gamberale-Stille [12], who showed that decision time is important in determining attack probability in both naïve and experienced predators.

So, why did field-collected females (i.e. females that had experienced predators in their natural habitat) not respond to the visual presence of C. salvini, while lab-reared females did so?

The pattern is used both in startle or deimatic displays and as a signal to warn off experienced predators.

The degree to which organisms move also characterizes the range of resources they encounter, the array of hazards they experience from predators to hurricanes, and the degree to which they interact with other life forms.

At first sight these results seem to contradict other studies on guppies reporting on stronger anti-predator responses in predator experienced (wild-caught) fish compared to lab-reared fish from the same population [ 89, 90].

Young shorebirds, not yet experienced at avoiding predators, are easy marks, and the open fields full of songbirds make ideal hunting grounds as well.

Similarly, the frog-eating bat Trachops cirrhosus has evolved a number of specialisations which enhance its ability to detect the low-frequency calls of one of its prey, the tungara frog Physalaemus pustulosus, the frogs in turn changing their signalling behaviour when they experience the predator [3], [17].

Surprisingly, wild-caught (predator experienced) females in our study did not respond to the same extent to a predator as did naïve females.

In contrast, predator experienced (wild-caught) females did not respond to the same extent to the presence of a predator, most likely due to a learned ability to evaluate their predators' motivation to prey.

This aspect is termed 'confusion', an anti-predatory strategy often cited as an important mechanism in predatory interactions [28], [31] [33] as the reduced attack-to-kill ratio experienced by a predator resulting from an inability to single out and attack individual prey in a group.

This is a hypothesised "reduced attack-to-kill ratio experienced by a predator resulting from an inability to single out and attack individual prey in a group" (Krause and Ruxton 2002).