Through various characterizations, such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the obtained wurtzite CZTS NC film was demonstrated as a more effective CE material to replace the expensive Pt, yielding a low-cost, high-efficiency DSSC compared to the kesterite CZTS CE.
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Analysis is typically done using MS or NMR, requiring access to expensive infrastructure, and yielding unequivocal results only in the case of rather small oligomers.
In addition, the mortars with SCSA and without sodium silicate presented similar values of compressive strength to those samples with only BFS and sodium silicate, showing that the ash can replace the sodium silicate, which is the pollutant and an expensive chemical reagent, yielding a sustainable binder.
In addition, the concentrations of exogenous TNF required to induce IEC shedding are higher than found in vivo, making such experiments expensive and possibly yielding artefactual results.
Over the past 2 decades, new or more efficient industrial processes involving microorganisms have been launched, yielding purer, less expensive products or substances not available using classical chemical methods.
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The recovered IL layer containing the expensive Re catalyst was reused up to four times, yielding 3 without much decrease in yields.
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