Duties include tracking of expenses, creating variance reports and revising project budgets as necessary.
It is an unfortunate circumstance that contemporary climate analysis focuses almost exclusively on average conditions, at the expense of their variance.
(table 1) As described above, we aggregated food intakes from the food frequency questionnaire into 58 non-overlapping food groups and standardised them to reduce the influence of food intakes with large variances at the expense of those with minor variances.
This is not physically correct, but it was useful for practical purposes and the implementation could be extended to use PBRT's light sources, at the expense of considerably more variance.
"Given the negative working capital position of the school, and a networkwide pattern of significant expense-side budget variances, the long-term viability of this school" remains in question, Mr. Chuang wrote in both schools' probation orders.
To homogenize this part of the methodology, a complex GTR + G + I model was used in every analysis as their parameters are co-estimated with the tree and they can match eventually any simpler model at expense of increasing perhaps the variance of estimates.
Finally, statistical techniques are available - often referred to as regularization methods - which substantially reduce sampling variance, albeit at the expense of introducing some bias, and thus yield 'better' estimates.
(4) Salary increases account for most of the variance in head office expenses.
Factor one explained 48.57% of the observed variance, named "Income and Expenses", as it loaded heavily (with factor loadings >0.87) on the items of income, medical expenditure, and living expenditure.
Similarly, for labour expenses, by far the largest cost variance (90% of variation) was related to the time taken to shower for disease prevention purposes, which varied between the farms by about 1.5 seconds, or by 0.50 eurocent, per bird.
This shortcoming motivated the development of Bayesian approaches that allow for heteroscedastic marker variances but at the expense of being computationally demanding (cf. Meuwissen et al. 2001, Shepherd et al. 2010, Kärkkäinen and Sillanpää 2012).
