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The transportation of liquefied hydrocarbon gases on large spacing intervals on underground pipe lines is efficient from the point of view of minimization of transport expenses, but at the same time is bound up with certain risks.
The minimization of energy related expenses is critical for conservation of resources and energy savings.
The minimization of the energy expenses is strongly limiting.
In this work, the protein was kept rigid during ligand-protein complex minimization to reduce the computational expense.
Since the minimum MSE is required by many applications, a minimization of (1) is often desired at the expense of a small increase in bias.
Changes in texture upon the growth of thicker TiN films (>1µm thickness) have been observed in other studies and have been related to strain energy minimization, with lower-strained grains growing at the expense of those more highly strained [30, 31].
Minimization, it would seem, would be minimal.
The algorithm was also optimized for minimizations with GB solvent that increases the computational expense by only a factor of ∼3 relative to the vacuum.
Three cases from the literature are studied, with two different objective functions, considering just the heat transfer area minimization or the annual cost minimization, including area and pumping expenses.
Cost minimization typically leads to physically efficient or lean supply chains at the expense of customer responsiveness or agility.
Performance objectives include minimization of fuel cost, operation and maintenance costs and energy purchasing expenses from the main grid, and maximization of financial profit from energy selling revenues to the main grid.
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