A number of studies have estimated the income elasticity of health care expenditure to identify whether health care is a necessary or luxury product.
This is similar to reports of a Mauritania study [15] where it was reported that "the rate of classification between using the index and household expenditure to identify the poor is relatively high.
A large number of studies have estimated the income elasticity of health care expenditure to identify whether health care is a necessary or luxury product, and found varying results.
We used MEPS expenditure data to identify VHA users, based on non-zero medical expenditures paid by VHA facilities in 1996 or 1999.
The optimization problem is formulated using four objective functions including shaft work consumption, two different exergy efficiency expressions, and operating expenditure (OPEX) to identify process performance improvements.
Identifying the predictors of pharmaceutical expenditure in public sector health facilities in the various districts can help identify current inefficiencies in pharmaceutical expenditure and to identify factors which if modified, for example, through policy measures (e.g. training of health workers, improving staffing etc).
The Social Policy Program, analyses public expenditure patterns to identify whether health, education and protection services are serving the interests of final beneficiaries.
Following this, the incidence of numerous aging-associated diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity has created an urgent necessity to define the mechanisms underlying energy intake and expenditure, and to identify molecular targets for pharmacological intervention.
Due to their small shares in the result, no or only a small expenditure is needed to identify improvement potentials of these alternatives.
By focusing on statins, which accounted for 90% of both lipid-lowering drug expenditures and consumption volume, we sought to identify the factors that drove expenditure increases.
