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The Survey of 1987 88 showed a change in high household expenditures; the difference between the purchase for foodstuff and the one for clothing and footwear reduced.
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If I had any critique of the Dartmouth approach it would be this: wasteful expenditures are inferred as the difference between high and low spending areas.
If, for example, government expenditure is higher than the difference between production and consumption at the level corresponding to full employment, there is an "inflationary gap".
We should replace the progressive income tax with a simplified and much more steeply progressive tax on each household's annual consumption expenditure -- calculated as the difference between its income and its annual savings.
If, for example, government expenditure is higher than the difference between production and consumption at the level corresponding to full employment, there is an "inflationary gap". The market process closes this gap by a bidding up of prices to the point at which the difference between income and consumption, in money terms, is big enough to accommodate the government expenditure.
The predicted excess expenditure associated with DKA was calculated as the difference between the predicted expenditures for youth with and without DKA.
Financial analysts will tell you that the difference between overall capital expenditures and maintenance capital expenditures are "growth" capital expenditures.
The excess expenditures associated with DKA and severe hypoglycemia were estimated as the difference between predicted medical expenditures for youth who did/did not experience either DKA or severe hypoglycemia.
The difference between expenditure and caloric intake was also clear for other items, for example the share of expenditure on sugar was less than the share of calories in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu (Table 2).
A high standard metabolic rate (SMR; baseline energy expenditure) or aerobic scope (AS; the difference between an individual's maximum and SMR) is often beneficial when food is abundant or easily accessible but can be less important or even disadvantageous when food levels decline.
Insulin-induced thermogenesis during the low-dose and high-dose insulin infusions was calculated as the difference between energy expenditure measured during each insulin infusion and the resting energy expenditure (18).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com