While the privately motivated R&D expenditures are significant for both types of innovation, the policy-induced part is significant only for radical innovation.
Only the effect of the free health insurance on the probability of having out-of-pocket expenditures is significant in the 2010 2012 period.
The declining prices for these commodities have made the impact on foreign exchange expenditures less significant.
GLMs have been shown to fit expenditures with significant heteroskedasticity better than ordinary least squares [ 10] and have the added benefit of yielding predicted expenditures without having to retransform log costs.
Despite subsidies, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures are significant and have a disproportionate impact in lower income groups (Harris et al. 2011) and rural, underserved areas (Goudge et al. 2009).
The large Republican expenditure is significant, analysts say, because polls indicate that the state, viewed as vital to Mr. Bush's chances of winning the presidency, is now a tossup.
In order to withstand the current subdued macro environment, the company has increased and diversified its sources of debt capital, reduced its exploration expenditure, implemented significant cost saving initiatives, and suspended its dividend.
Hames said unless the WA health sector – which accounts for more than 28% of state expenditure – made significant changes to its operating costs, it would affect areas including education and policing.
Forcing the Kurds to back down, he wrote in the memo, a copy of which was obtained by The New York Times, "will likely require the expenditure of significant political capital on our part" and "also surely upset the political stability we have enjoyed thus far in northern Iraq".
Furthermore, the process of negotiating for CBAs and monitoring their fulfillment requires the expenditure of significant resources by city residents for whom resources may already be relatively scarce.
